Digital Natives Debate

Digital Natives Debate Firstly what does a digital native mean? A digital native is a person where digital technology is already around when they were born, which mean they have grown up with digital technology such as mobile phones, computers, game consoles, mp3 and all other digital technologies. The opposite to this a person who grew up without these digital technologies and learnt how to use them later on in life for example if the person was born before the introduction of mobile phone they adapted and learnt how to use this technology these people are placed with the name digital immigrants. Now we have established the meaning of these terms we can now evaluate the debate, which surrounds this area. Marc Prensky (2001) is one of the leading experts in this field and is the one who coined the term Digital Native in his work Digital Native, Digital Immigrants published in 2001. The main argument to support the concept of digital native is that children people born in the last two decades have always been surrounded and had contact with new technology. According to Prensky (2001), the reason for an increase of technology is due to the fact that there is a hypothesized change in the brain structure that means young people process information and think in different ways compared to pervious generations(Prensky, 2001a). Prensky (2001) states, Digital Natives are used to receiving information really fast. They like to parallel process and multi-task. They prefer their graphics before their text rather than the opposite. They prefer random access (like hypertext). They function best when networked. They thrive on instant gratification and frequent rewards. They prefer games to serious work (2001). Prensky (2001) defines this younger generation as the digital natives as they, are all native speakers of the digital language of computers, video games and the Internet. Prensky refers to people who were born before this new digital era, which began around 1980, as Digital Immigrants. According to him digital immigrants may learn to use new technologies but will still be in some way always be in the past, unable to fully understand the way of the natives. According to Prensky (2001), characteristics of digital immigrants are that they do not use the Internet as their first point for finding information in, he also states thats they print documents out instead of working of the computer. The supporters of this concept suggest that the comparisons between these two groups have great impacts on education. They argue that young people now have a range of different methods and tools for interpreting and using information and the current education system dose not meet the needs of these people. So he argues that the current educational system and the way digital native are taught needs to change to meet the requirements of this generation of youth. For exa mple, Prensky suggests that educators now need to communicate in a way that the digital native find interesting and respond to going faster, less step-by step, more in parallel, with more random access, among other things Prensky (2001). A powerful teaching method, Prensky suggests, would be to use computer games to teach the digital natives as digital natives would resound to this as they find this fun and current. As Prensky (2001) states todays students are the first generation to grow up with this sort of technology. He continues to say that this generation has been surrounded by new technology like computers, videogames, mp3 players, video camera, mobiles and many other gadgets. Here are some of the facts and figures which Prensky (20010) includes are that today college graduates have spent less than 5,000 hours of their lives reading, but over 10,000 hours playing video games and 20,000 hours of watching TV. He suggest this it due to the fact that computer games, email, the Internet, mobiles and social network sites are all part of every day lives. Prensky (2001) report suggests that due to the amount of interaction with new technology student think and process information fundamentally differently from pervious generations. He then goes on to say that these differences are far greater than most educators suspect or realize in his report he quotes DR. Bruce D. Perry of Baylor College of Medicine different kinds of experiences lead to different brain structures. This is one of the reasons why Prensky suggests, our students brains have physically changed- and are very different from ours-as a result of how they grew up. Referring to (Bennet el al 2008) there is very little evidence that young people are radically different in the way they use and processes information.to justify his claims Prensky use the theory of neuroplasticity, which suggest that our brain are flexible and subject to change as a result of changes in society. Using this theory Prensky state this is why the youth of todays brains have developed differently to the adults, due to the fact that they have been brought up in a world full of new technology. However these is no answer in the way in which the brain structure has varied. Prensky (2001) admits, that the use of technology and the effects on the cognitive processes linked with learning is still being explored by neuroscientists (Prensky 2001) There is a lot of academic research that has questioned the validity of digital native concept. People in support of this digital native tend to assign board terms for example a specific learning style, amount and type of technology used to a whole generation (Bennet et al 2008). Whist the majority of young people which use the internet and other technologies is higher than older generation (Dutton and Helsper 2007) is has to be said that there are many differences in how and why younger people use these new technologies and how effectively they use them (Hargittai and Hinnart, 2008). There have been many writers that have highlighted the diversity of the use of new technologies by young people however this is minimized to support the concept of digital narrative. A important aspect of this debate is weather the difference between digital natives and digital immigrants can be explained by generational differences. Referring to Prensky work it seems that age is the most important factor. According to (Tapcott 1998) technology is the place in which younger people are better than older people he refers to this as generation lap it is about the exposer in which the person has with these technologies. However the extent in which a person is a digital narrative is a digital narrative by birth or exposer it is an important factor in policy and practice. If digital natives are defined by age then the older generation they are seen to be digitally disconnected. On the other hand if being digital native is due to exposer and experiences then it is possible for learning to take place in environment in which younger and older generations interact. However there has not been a lot of research in this area as majority of pervious studies focuses on the youn ger people using the new technologies and their parents for example (studies by Livingstone and Bober 2005). Additionally most of the research, which has been taken, place and the data produced are based on the American population. Kennedy, et al (2008) stated that educational policy maker in the UK could not make changes in the United Kingdom in response to these claims as we need more empirical evidence to inform the debate. Social researcher (Howe and Strauss 200,2003), labeled this current generation as the millenials, referring to the technology knowledge as a distinctive characteristic that set them apart from pervious generations. They offer a positive a positive view on the new generation as optimistic, team-orientated achievers who are talented with technology, and claim they will be the next great generation. Technology-rich culture is said to inspire the skills and interests of the digital natives in ways significant for education. It is said that digital natives are active experimental learner, excellent at multitasking, and dependent on communication technologies for accessing information and for interacting with other (Frand, 2000; Oblinger and Oblinger, 2005; Prensky 2001a b; Tapscott, 1999). It has been stated that these characteristics raise valid question about weather that the current education system is equipped to meet the needs of new student (digital natives). Tapscott (1998), described education in developing countries as already in crisis with more challenge to com: There is growing appreciation that the old approach [of didactic teaching] is ill-suited to the intellectual, social, motivational, and emotional needs of the new generation (p. 131). This was echoed by Prenskys (2001a) claim that: Our students have changed radically. Todays students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach (p. 1). The digital natives theory has found a number of supporters as well as the leading authors, who have had key influence on the theory, however there has been a lot of criticism of the theory itself and arguments. I will now probe this theory for its weaknesses; firstly none of the main people on the debate look at the negative side being a digital native can have on young people. Whilst digital natives are most often presented in a positive light, however many people are begging to relies that increate digital technology use may also lead to the disadvantages and empowerment of children and young people through risk and dangers of technology use. Many concerns have been raised amongst popular commentators and policy makers, for example the number of inappropriate uses of the Internet, which could place a child at ultimate risk of harming them self and being harmed by other. Additionally aside from the physical, emotional and sexual risks associated with the Internet, concern has been raised that the capacity of young people to learn is now measured by the ability to gather information of the internet. Andrew Keen (2001,p.93) puts it that, the current generation of school children is taking search-engine result as gospel. Which means they are just using the information of the internet to inform them selves. Furthermore Shulmeiter (2008) presents a list of critical views on the digital debate. Firstly Shulmeiter (2008) critics the lack of empirical evidence, he practically refers to Tapscott and Prensky stating that they show hardly any empirical evidence. Shulmeiter (2008) states, Their reasoning is based on examples of a highly selective sample. Despite this Prensky and Tabscott are widely cited and uncritized in further publications. Shulmeiter then begins to criticses the interpretation of empirical studies, Shulmeiter states scientific publication p nth subject make use of empirical studies on the media usage among young people. He then says that the absolution or relative data usage time is the interted to prove the existence of the digital natives. Shulmeiter (2008) criticized this process as he claims that the data is often handled as a whole, without further splitting, he also explains that insufficient comparisons are offered with the used of other media. The characteristics to describe digital natives have come from mainly unsupported empirical evidence (Bennett et al. 2008); Schumeiter, 2008) which make the data unreliable. Another Criticism of Prensky work is when he uses the work of DR Bruce D, Perry, this is at criticism as he fails to report he work of DR Perry and that the evidence showed after googling the Doctors name it can be seen that the work Doctor Perry conducted was on Child Trauma it can be argued that this does not have any relevance to digital natives.

Examining Exclusivity in Mass Marketing

Explain why Sears or Wal-Mart cannot effectively create a trendy counterculture image. High volume and mass appeal are at the core of one-stop-shop retailers like Sears and Wal-Mart. These stores are the culture others are trying to counter. Wal-Mart relies on mass production of the products they sell to keep manufacturing and shipping costs down. This allows them to maximize profitability. Profitability is not at the core of counterculture; unique style and individualism are. Counterculture is the alternate of culture, even a subculture. For an active member of the counterculture to shop at a store that sells toilet paper a few isles down from their jeans defies the very image they are set to create or maintain. This is the same reason Urban Outfitters cannot sell Craftsman power tools. This would counter the counterculture image Urban Outfitters is built upon. Could the big box stores sell merchandise identical to Urban Outfitters? Explain your answer. Big box stores can sell merchandise identical to niche stores like Urban Outfitters to keep up with trends. Stores like Costco can produce, ship and stock merchandise on a large scale in hopes of increasing profitability. Seemingly exclusive products appeal to the masses that do not normally shop at, or cannot afford to shop at more exclusive retailers like Urban Outfitters. This in itself is a trend because once the product is no longer exclusive, it will eventually no longer sell as it did previously. Also if the once exclusive product sells at all is a gamble in marketing and sales. Matching the appeal of the original product, timing of launch so as to miss out on the value while it exists and availability to the masses can impact how well a trendy product will sell at a big box store. If it does, what is the effect on the exclusivity once offered by Urban Outfitters? Identify at least three reasons why exclusivity is valuable.

Frankenstein Real Mistake - 2272 Words

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In specific, the paper tries to create understanding on the effects of bad parenting that tie into the novel Frankenstein. Through the continual exaggerations of the love provided by the family in the book, Victor Frankenstein, the main actor shows the inadequacy of his family life that overlies his protestations for attachment. The inevitable ambivalence related to his childhood develops suspicion that becomes critical antiquity for the nature of parenting the children received during this time. Textual analysis shows that it undercuts Frankenstein on the nature of hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1079 Words   |  5 PagesShelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is a book with a deep message that touches to the very heart. This message implies that the reader will not see the story only from the perspective of the narrator but also reveal numerous hidden opinions and form a personal interpretation of the novel. One of its primary statements is that no one is born a monster and a â€Å"monster† is created throughout socialization, and the process of socialization st arts from the contact with the â€Å"creator†. It is Victor Frankenstein that couldRead MoreFrankenstein By Mary Shelley Is One Of The First Books1494 Words   |  6 PagesFrankenstein by Mary Shelley is one of the first books that discuss how humans behave and react to different situations such as revenge, isolation, and lack of empathy. Shelley transmits the struggle of a monster that seeks for real human connections, knowledge and the approval of its master; his appearance plays a big role in the reaction and acceptance of the people that encountered him. On the other hand, the character of Victor Frankenstein shows, an excessive desire for knowledge that leadsRead MorePride And Vanity In Frankenstein1719 Words   |  7 PagesShelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† is a book with a deep message that touches to the very heart. 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Sex During The Civil War - 1271 Words

Sex. Was this connection nonexistent in people s lives during the civil war? When people think of war there is rarely a thought given to the adventurous fulfillment of desire through the act of fornication. In The Story the Soldiers Wouldn t Tell, the author Thomas P. Lowry exposes some truths of the different aspects of sex throughout the civil war era. Lowry accomplishes this feat through a separation of topics, introducing historical information throughout each topic, and presenting interesting evidence through quotations of letters, diaries, newspaper ads, military records and photographs. Thomas Lowry intrigues the reader with juicy information revealed of the minimally discussed aspect of sex during the civil war. The Story the Soldiers Wouldn t Tell is based on diligent investigation of primary sources rather than on ex cathedra pronouncements (Krick, Robert, ix). This book reveals a candid look at some of the less savory activities of our ancestors. He touches on all topics t o include: masturbation, prostitution, homosexuality, rape, marriage, love, sexually transmitted diseases, pornographic book and cards, women disguised as men in the Army, abortion and birth control techniques, and the sentencing of men for rape convictions. Lowry proves that in spite of the mores of the time period, the good and bad or private and covered sexual activities commencing, were all common normal sexual activity. Although the flow of the story may seem confusing at time to someShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War : Censorship And The Passage Of Time1603 Words   |  7 Pages The American Civil War has captured the popular imagination of the world for more than a hundred and fifty years. Academic scholars and neophyte history buffs alike have published thousands of books on the subject, adding to a growing canon of Civil War literature and knowledge. 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Consumer Behavior Impacts Free Essays

Consumer Behavior Impacts Donna Thompson Kaplan University October 3, 2012 Consumer Behavior Impacts Within the context of the consumer socialization of children, adult consumer, and intergenerational socialization reflects home theaters. To measure the cultural impact on consumer behavior towards home entertainment versus theatre has two approaches etic and emic. Etic approaches on cross cultural end user research. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Impacts or any similar topic only for you Order Now While emic focuses upon indulgent issues from the viewpoint of the subjects being studied. All culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time from adults to children behaviors. Within the context of the consumer socialization of children, adult consumer, and intergenerational socialization reflects home theaters that allow for families to enjoy at home in privet, without interruptions entertainment. Also with the economy it saves money, families are going towards more to Netflix than cable they can get movies by mail and watch them at home. Due to these type of services people can comfortably watch movies at home without buying DVD’s, or go to movie theaters. Furthermore â€Å"The term family is a basic concept, it is not easy to define because family composition and structure, as well as the roles played by the family members, are almost always in transition† (Schiffman , L. G. , Kanuk, L. L. 2007), which leads to cultural methods of measuring, impact and religion. To measure cultural impact on consumer behavior towards home entertainment versus theatre has two approaches etic and emic. Etic units and classifications are available in advance, rather than determined during the analysis. These advanced etic units can be based on prior broad sampling or surveys; emic units must be discovered† (Berry, J. W. 1989). Furthermore, etic approach in cross cultural end user research generally looks at comprehensive or culture free theories and conceptions. To search different socializations variables and cons tructs that are conventional to all ultures and can be straightforwardly rivaled in order to discover how the way of life are different or similar to each other as families partake in home theater. Emic focuses upon indulgent issues from the viewpoint of the subjects being studied. Furthermore culture can be defined emic-ally as the lenses during the course of which all occurrences are seen. It determines how these occurrences are apprehended and assimilated. This relates to children looking up to their parents and friends to acquire skills and knowledge to function as consumers or even to build brand loyalty. Understanding the customers’ needs and wants induces companies to realize that no two buyers are ever exactly the same, this heterogeneity in needs and wants drive companies to look for distinctive groups of customers† (Shahhosseini A, Ardahaey). Culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time, and at times â€Å"It has been argued that religion is hi ghly personal in nature and therefore its effects on consumer behavior depend on individuals’ level of religious commitment or the importance placed on religion in their life† (Mokhlis, S. 009). Thus it is the responsibility of marketing managers to check for any changes and adapt their marketing policies, in view of culture to a great extent establishes how, why, when and for whom merchandises and services are procured. Whether working directly through prohibitions and obligation or through influences on the culture and society, religious values and beliefs are known to affect prescriptively and emblematically human behavior. All culture influences are not stagnant and do change over time from adults to children behaviors. To search different socializations variables and constructs that are conventional to all cultures and can be straightforwardly rivaled in order to discover how the way of life are different or similar to each other as families partake in home theater. It is the responsibility of marketing managers to check for any changes and adapt their marketing policies, in view of culture to a great extent establishes how, why, when and for whom merchandises and services are procured. Reference Berry, J. W. (1989). IMPOSED ETICS-EMICS-DERIVED ETICS: THE OPERATIONALIZATION OF A COMPELLING IDEA. International Journal Of Psychology, 24(6), 721. Mokhlis, S. (2009). Relevancy and Measurement of Religiosity. International Business Research, 2(3), 10. Retrieved from www. ccsenet. org/journal. html Schiffman , L. G. , ; Kanuk, L. L. (2007). Consumer Behavior (9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersy: Pearson Education, inc. Shahhosseini A, Ardahaey F. Marketing Mix Practices in the Cultural Industry. International Journal Of Business ; Management. August 2011;6(8):230-234. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 3, 2012. How to cite Consumer Behavior Impacts, Essay examples

Quality Improvement in Public Health free essay sample

Operational Analysis and Quality Improvement Prof: Kelly Washington The goal to improve public health is continuously changing and has become more of a concern over the years after major events in history such as 9/1 1 and the BP oil spill in the Gulf. The article Quality Improvement In Public Health: Lessons Learned from the Multl-State Learning Collaborative emphasizes how Important improvement and evaluation of programs, procedures and pollcles Is. I found It Interesting that the article states It has been only recently that QI methods and techniques have been applied to areas of public health, it is hard to imagine that a field as complex as healthcare has developed slowly and mostly over the last few decades. There are a number of focuses within the article. The AcademyHealths website highlights subjects such as initiatives that have been a part of the progress of QI in public health, the multi-state learning collaborative, considerations for Implementation and anagement of QI efforts, and case studies from Minnesota and South Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality Improvement in Public Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first case study speaks on local health departments and implementing QI culture in the state of Minnesota. Seven out of eight projects had positive outcomes. Survey results identified that efforts to build a QI culture were effective. Public health departments across the state noted a number of lessons learned in training and implementing QI practices, both at the local and state levels. Some of the lessons learned Included: Importance of Identlflcatlon of the problem and goal, modlflcatlons o previous QI models are sometimes necessary because the models need to keep up capacity. Evidence-based interventions are highly important (AcademyHealth). The second case study involves South Carolinas application of the Institute of Healthcare Improvements QI model in public health. The South Carolina Department of Health Environmental Control (SC DHEC) is one of two states implementing the HIs Breakthrough Series model for its QI collaborative, which deals with tobacco use and the effects from secondhand smoke. There was strong evidence that implementing tobacco interventions and tobacco-use screening were highly effective. Several positive outcomes were noticed from the HIs model implementation. Appropriate training and timely technical assistance are a must to make sure the staff has the necessary skills to carry out the QI methods. Policy and procedure changes should be carried out with enough time for staff to fit in and make the changes. It is important for staff members to have independence so they can make ound ethical decisions when there is not clear enough instruction (AcademyHealth). The MLC has become a big reason that states have noticed the importance of accreditation (AcademyHealth). I think that focusing on accreditation is past due, without proper training and development of professionals, the QI models and procedures cannot accurately be implemented or at least understood. The importance of stakeholders involvement in the process has also been noted as next step.