Electrical Appliances Good Retail Marketing Essay

Electrical Appliances Good Retail Marketing Essay Goa is Indias smallest state by area and the fourth smallest by population. Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. WHY TO ESTABLISH A RETAIL STORE IN GOA Goas gross state domestic product for 2007 is estimated at $3 billion in current prices. Goa is one of Indias richest states with the highest GDP per capita and two and a half times that of the country as a whole, and one of its fastest growth rates: 8.23% (yearly average 1990-2000) Tourism is Goas primary industry: it handles 1 of all foreign tourist arrivals in India. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In the winter time, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come to Goa to enjoy the splendid climate. In the summer time (which, in Goa, is the rainy season), tourists from across India come to spend the holidays. Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with decreased tourist activity inland. In 2004, there were more than 2 million tourists reported to have visited Goa, 400,000 of which were from abroad. ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES GOOD, RETAIL LIVE WELL My term paper is to open up the retail store of the electrical appliances. The name of my store is LIVE WELL.This store to be contain the number of variety and assortment of the electrical goods. My retail store LIVE WELL to be contain the CFL tubes ,Usha fans , Bajaj fans , Philips tubes , Sylvania tubes , all types of circuits , Crompton fans and White tubes etc . Business MissionVision LIVE WELL mission statement is to focus on bringing high quality electrical goods and services to the market at the lowest possible prices every day. The mission statement is well understood throughout the organization. LIVE WELL offers their customers with low prices on selected private and a limited selection of nationally branded products in a wide range of merchandise categories. Rapid inventory turnover, high sales volume per warehouse, leveraging an efficient operating structure, reduced handling of merchandise, and making themselves the low cost operator in retail is all key elements that make the retail store so successful. LIVE WELL defines its business in terms of benefiting their customers. In addition to offering low prices on top-quality goods and a variety of convenient services Type of retail format and ownership (Variety and assortment decisions regarding products or services to be offered);I am opening these electrical goods retail, on my own ,i.e Partnership business Electrical Goods Store Product services. TUBES Basically the best quality tubes are Philips , Crompton , Surya . All these different brands are kept in my store . Basically 40 walt tubes are demanded by the customers and very less quantity of 20 walt tubes are demanded by the customers . So these particular brands are kept in my store . FANS Fans are required in the summer season. There are different brands of fans . But most popular brands are Khaitan , Bajaj , Usha etc . The quality of these brands is very good. There is hardly any complaint regarding these brands. BULBS Today people dont like yellow light bulbs . At present people like white light bulbs . The best quality brand for white light bulb is Crompton . Crompton provides 2 year guarantee. The light of Crompton bulbs is very good . At night people like colored zero walt bulbs . SWITCHES The best quality in switches is anchor and Havell. There are various varieties in switches. Like two pin plugs, three pin plugs , bed switches , multi-plugs , extension . FANCY LIGHTS Today people like to have fancy lights in there houses . They use different fancy lights for decorating their houses. Different types of lighting stands are there. WIRES Wires OF Havel are kept in the store. HEATERS Heaters are required in the winter season . Usha and Apsara are two major brands. MARKETING PLAN:- MULTI CHANNEL DECISIONS LIVE WELL retail ELECTRICAL retail to use the multi-channel these channel were used for selling the electrical good. By using a combination of channels to be provided unique benefits to my electrical retail store by attract and satisfy more customers. My electrical retail uses all three channels to interact with its customers. These are following STORE CHANNEL It is provide the browsing to the customers before purchasing of products It is also provided touching and feeling products opportunity to the customer store channel to given advantage for the customer to get the product immediately after they buy it. CATALOG Our electrical retail is also provided the Catalog channel; offer the convenience of looking at product and placing an order on any day at any time from almost anywhere. We are also provided the photographs of electrical goods in catalogs, while not as useful as in store presentations, are superior to the visual information that can be displayed on a CRT screen. INTERNET CHANNEL Our electrical retail provides the information to customer about which the electrical good are available in our retail store. These Internet channels also contain the all information about electrical good price. The benefit of Internet channel as compared with the other two channels is the vast number of consumers to purchase the product easily. Retail market strategy to be followed and preparation of Strategic Retail planning; Retail market strategy is a statement identifying The retailers target market The format the retailer plans to use to satisfy the target markets need The vases upon which the retailer plans to build a sustainable competitive advantage. Our electrical retail will be containing the strong brand electrical product for the customers. It will be developing clear and price positioning strategies and creating an emotional attachment with customers through loyalty programs. We also will be using the retail mix to create an image of the retailer in the customers mind relative to its competitors. Stores will be offering fine quality electrical goods at competitive prices Retail market strategy to be followed and preparation of Strategic Retail planning. RETAIL FORMAT In which I have included the different strategies which lead our business and used different competitive promotional planned which make our retail store attractive and effective. And these should be done according to these points; Nature of merchandise and services offered Pricing policy Advertising and promotion programs Store design and visual merchandising Customer services. LOCATION Location of retail store is important aspect as customer point of view because location is the critical factor in consumer selection of store and whenever we opened a retail store than we have assumed the different factor which showed our retail store features like as: Demographic features(to know about the potential customer in that area, metropolitan statistical area) Competition(to know about the competitors and how they far from my retail store) Strategic fit(to must know about the life style of potential customer) Operating cost(different area have different cost) No. of small shops in that area Economy of scale We are establishing our ELECTRICAL BUSINESS LIVE WELL in the state GOA,near Dabolim airport.while establishing a business in GOA some certain requirements should be taken into consideration :- TRFFIC This refer to both regular and pedestrian traffic as GOA being a main Centre of tourist industry so there will be a high traffic in GOA.The traffic that passes the site is an important determinant of the potential sales that can be generated from that store. However it is essential that the traffic is suitable to the kind of products to be retailed in the store. ACCESIBILITY TO MARKET Accessibility of market in terms of availability of public transport in GOA is essential while determining the site of retail store .Public transport refers to means of recharging the market the frequency of bus/train services and connectivity to different parts of the city. THE NUMBER OF STORE AND TYPE OF STORE IN THAT AREA If there are large number of stores in market then there more and more customers will come .The type of store exist in the area is also important .The type of competition also be taken into consideration while deciding the site AMENITIES AVAILABLE Depending upon the type of market to be retailed facilities like free and amplex parking become important. This is a factor that has gained importance. OPERATIONAL PLAN. The operational plan is an essential component of our retail established in GOA store and it tells the reviewer how you are going to get your product out to market. That is how you are going to get your product out of production stage to the doorstep of the target à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Who is doing what? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are the day to day activities? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How will the suppliers and vendors be used? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Who are the suppliers? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are the labor requirements? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are the sources of raw materials? Basically, you want to explain that how you are going to deliver your product. What are you and/or your employees going to be doing on a daily basis from the time you open up to time you close. This is what your reader wants to know. Some issues often addressed in an operational plan include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Production or manufacturing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Facilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Inventory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Distribution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintenance and service Order fulfillment and customer service Production or Manufacturing Every manufacturing business has a production process, and in my retail store of LIVE WELL ELECTRICALS there is a certain production or manufacturing department who manufactures the product. The way it goes about fabricating a raw or component material and creating an item with greater usefulness or desirability. However, even if our business is a service or retail operation, you have to use a method of producing something of value for your customers. Integral to the overall understanding of a production oriented business is an appreciation of how the company will manufacture its products. One straight forward way of conveying such information is to examine this activity in terms of resources, processes, and output. Capacity In my retail store established near Dabolim airport(GOA) capacity must be taken into consideration i.e Capacity is the measure of how much work your facilities, labor force, and equipment can handle. Does your production process have the capacity to keep orders up? Do you have too much capacity? Not enough capacity Productivity PRODUCTIVITY is very necessary in every retail store .In my store too productivity of electrical material is very important .Productivity measures how long and how many people it requires to produce your product or service. If you can produce more goods in less time, you can improve the bottom line from every dollar spent on equipment and operating costs such as salaries and rent. Labour In a city like GOA we should judge what kinds of and how many employees do you require to produce your product or service in the Electrical Retail store How are you going to use them? Are you going to be using seasonal workers Quality Assurance There should be a constant check in my retail store LIVE WELL of how are you going to keep consistent and maintain the same standards with each product or service. Such activities include regular inspections throughout the production process, occasional testing or sampling of goods. Facilities As my Retail store is located in GOA In business, the location of our facilities can prove a critical factor for your success. If your business is going require a large outlay of capital assets at the onset, you will need to make sure the facilities are adequate and are positioned properly. Whats the use of setting up a manufacturing facility in a rural setting with no transportation mechanisms? You will need to decide how you are going to get your product to your consumer and position your facility that will be both cost effective and efficient. Location My Retail store LIVE WELL should be established in an area which include the location of company headquarters, retail store (s), branch offices, additional plants, and others. Describe the size and how each will be allocated. Mention why you are located at your particular location and the benefits associated with it. Describe access to parking and transportation; air, rail, and surface shipping access, and loading docks, warehouse, and other facilities. Lease/Rent GOA being a small state so to have enough land for constructing is somewhat very difficult so we have too rather pay rent or to have a lease option . This is very important and make sure you understand all aspects of the lease. You dont want to be stuck in a 5 year lease if your business fails after the first year (Ive seen this happen a few times). Maintenance For the construction of a Retail store in GOA we should also see the operational costs associated with the building? Include the cost of gas, water and electricity. What are the costs for janitorial, trash removal and other operational costs Inventory Different businesses will have different inventory requirements. Of course, a large retail operation will have much more inventory than an engineering consultant so remember to use those points that apply to your business. Most of the retail operations I deal with overlook the importance of inventory management. An effective inventory management process can make all the difference in the world when it comes to making a huge profit. Merchandise Management For the purpose of Merchandise management in my retail outlet located In GOA the order received from a Vendor is kept in container and the inventory is raised whereas sale of each SKU to customer decreases the level of inventory. Therefore there is need to keep a record of total orders received and sale of SKU. There is a need to manage the merchandise so as to keep minimum level of stock which should be there the entire time.In store, Inventory for re-order and the time to which an order with vendor is to be placed so as to run business efficiently. Inventory management report: In my Electrical retail store established in GOA there is need to maintain this report so as to know the Level of Sales to do the forecast of sales for the next year, Amount of inventory available so as to know quantity of re-order, product which are available in the Store. This report is prepared to have a record for current year and recognize the deviations from the set standards and to make forecast for future years. This report will have information about the SKU which have been most sold during that period according to month, season. Buying Merchandise: My Retail store located in GOA will have a mix of Private and National-label brand so as to give both the quality and compatibility to customers. National brands are kept in stores so as to create an image in the mind of customers about quality that has been offered in stores where as private brands are kept because the target group of customers are people who are very price conscious and can compromise quality for cost moreover Private-label Brands have strong margins for retailer. Planning the retail communication program In my Retail store established in GOA the objective for communication program is to provide direction to people implementing the program about the long term objective and what effect will it have in creating brand image and other is to provide basis for evaluating its effectiveness. The objective for:- planning retail communication mix for the store is to create a store image among consumers such that whenever they have need for and home ware appliances the top-of-their-mind is our store and the amount of assortment which are being offered to customers here and they have favorable attitude coming into store. Next part of planning retail communication mix is to develop a budget, so as to make resource allocation decisions, allocation of merchandise to stores, staffing stores and floor and shelf space devoted to merchandise categories and to determine all these things correctly MARGINAL ANALYSIS METHOD is best which states that a store should increase communication expenditure as long as each additional rupee spent should generate more than a rupee. The strategy is to increase the expenditure so as to create brand image among customers, build brand uniqueness, and sustain that brand name of store unless it is giving in return more than the expense incurred on communication program. Setting the Promotion Mix LIVE WELL STORE in GOA we will decide how to properly utilize the marketing communications mix to meet our marketing objectives, it is important to consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of each component of the mix. Further, we must always define our total budget first (generally defined in the Marketing and/or Business Plan) and then decide upon the best way to leverage the different elements of the mix to maximize the return on our investment. We will balance the various parts of the mix to not only create an integrated approach to our marketing communications but we must also devote enough resources for each component to be successful. Advertising Reaches For the advertisement of my Retail store LIVE WELL I will prefer large, geographically dispersed audiences, often with high frequency; Low cost per exposure, though overall costs are high; Consumers perceive advertised goods as more legitimate; Dramatizes company/brand; Builds brand image; may stimulate short-term sales; Impersonal, one-way communication. Personal selling In my store established in (GOA) I will too give importance too personal buying as most effective tool for building buyers preferences, convictions, and actions; Personal interaction allows for feedback and adjustments; Relationship-oriented; Buyers are more attentive; Sales force represents a long-term commitment; Most expensive of the promotional tools Sale Promotion may be targeted at the trade or ultimate consumer; Makes use of a variety of formats: premiums, coupons, contests, etc.; Attracts attention, offers strong purchase incentives, dramatizes offers, boosts sagging sales; Stimulates quick response; Short-lived; Not effective at building long-term brand preferences Public Relation In my Retail store LIVE WELL in (GOA) it should be Highly credible; Very believable; Many forms: news stories, news features, events and sponsorships, etc.; Reaches many prospects missed via other forms of promotion; Dramatizes company or product; Often the most under used element in the promotional mix; Relatively inexpensive (certainly not free as many people thinkthere are costs involved) Many forms: Telephone marketing, direct mail, online marketing, etc.; Four distinctive characteristics: Nonpublic, Immediate, Customized, Interactive; Well-suited to highly-targeted Direct Marketing. Visual merchandising In my Retail store which planned to be located in GOA Visual merchandising is one of the final stages in trying to set out a store in a way that customers will find attractive and appealing and it should follow and reflect the principles that underpin the stores image. Visual merchandising is the way one displays goods for one displays goods for sale in the most attractive manner with the end purpose of making a sale. If it does not sell, it is not visual merchandising FINANCIAL PLAN While opening a retail store in Goa, finance plays an important role in the commencement of any store. Organization should manage its resources in a best possible manner to ensure that it has enough amount of money in Reserves. Goa is a great place to establish a retail store. Financial plan is at the end of your business plan, but the financial plan section is the section that determines whether or not your business idea is viable, and is a key component in determining whether or not your business plan is going to be able to attract any investment in your business idea. Basically, the financial plan section of the business plan consists of three financial statements The income statement: Shows that whether the retail store is making Profit or not: Cash incoming to your business and cash out. Shows whether or not your company has enough cash to pay its bills The cash flow projection The balance sheet and a brief explanation/analysis of these three statements. All the costs of getting your business up and running go into the startup expenses category. These expenses may include: Business registration fees Business licensing and permits Starting inventory Rent deposits Down payments on property Down payments on equipment Utility set up fees This is just a sampling of startup expenses; your own list will probably expand as soon as you start writing them down. Operating expenses are the costs of keeping your business running. Think of these as the things youre going to have to pay each month. Your list of operating expenses may include: salaries (yours and staff salaries) rent or mortgage payments telecommunications utilities raw materials storage distribution promotion loan payments office supplies maintenance cost BALANCE SHEET OF MY RETAIL STORE LIVE WELL LIABILITES RS Share capital Equity shares of Rs.10 1000000 Each General reserve 400000 Profit loss a/c 200000 Current liabilities 200000 TOTAL 1800000 ASSETS RS Fixed assets 800000 Investment 200000 Current assets 800000 1800000 Customer Relationship Management CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is a process or methodology used to learn more about customers needs and behaviors in order to develop stronger relationships with them. There are many technological components to CRM, but thinking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a process that will help bring together lots of pieces of information about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends. CRM helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers and the value of those customers.

God and Person :: essays research papers

God and Person   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The word â€Å"person† can be interpreted and defined in many different ways, and there are many different aspects to consider when stating what a person really is. Accomplishments, goals, likes, dislikes, and experiences in life make a person who he or she really is. Traits most â€Å"central† to being a person include consciousness, reasoning, self-motivated activity, the capacity to communicate, and having a self-concept. A mind does contribute to a person’s self—a mind is what makes up part of a person, yet does not define one. A soul is the greatest element of a person. Your instincts, personality, and true feelings are all held within the soul of a person. But last, but not least, society has a major contribution and influence on a person, and can sometimes help define what a person really is. There are so many different ideas running free in society that people latch on to, creating and assisting in molding who a person really is. Certain principles and standards of society influence people’s choices and beliefs in life. Society is not a substantial part of who a particular person is, but it is an amazing contributing factor. Events, relationships, and situations throughout someone’s life do show what a person really is. A person is someone who has many different emotions and thoughts within themselves, and the life that one lives through, or the events that one sees, also helps to establish who and what a person evolves and discovers himself or herself to be. A person is someone who stands up for what they believe in to help a cause, someone who appreciates who they are and what life really is, and someone who can decipher the concept and meaning of right from wrong. A person has many aspects, but it is not one particular thing that makes a person a person. It’s mind, body, soul, social issues, and other qualities rolled into one. Epistemological considerations are also used in the definition of a person when considering and bringing God into the picture. Epistemology is being able to know what you know about God; therefore, a person is also made up of beliefs and ideas too. We know about God by reading books, listening to the Word of God at Mass, looking over the Bible, etc., but you must often have faith to even believe in God. Faith and mystery both play majors roles when considering God in the light of the human person.

Free Things They Carried Essays: Communists and Capitalists

Communists and Capitalists in The Things They Carried The Vietnam War was directly related to the Cold War, where the communists and the capitalists used balance-of-power politics to keep the other from dominating the world. Yet, there was a role reversal amongst the soldiers fighting for the capitalists and democracy. Many of the soldiers made deals amongst themselves, which were in essence communist, stating that should one become injured or severely wounded, their "buddy" would end the soldier's suffering by killing him. This is seen in "Enemies" and "Friends". "Enemies" and "Friends" tell the tale of two soldiers who initially do not get along, but through the course of the war, form a bond that holds even through death. In the opening sentence, O'Brien says, "Lee Strunk and Dave Jensen got into a fistfight."(62) In doing so, he shows the high tensions of the entire war. The friction and animosity are evident between the USSR and the USA and North Vietnam and South Vietnam, but to show the tension within the same army proves just how drastic...

Digital Libraries Essay

Ashley Tipton Digital Libraries Introduction A simple definition of a digital library is a library where collections are stored in digital formats instead of physical formats and accessible via computers. The content can then be accessed locally, as in within a library, or remotely such as from other places on a college campus or from a user’s home. Many people believe that digital libraries are the future. There are also those that still hold on to the thought that the traditional brick and mortar building is the way a library is supposed to be and that moving to the digital real is not the direction a library should be heading. History The information revolution is one of the marvels of the 20th century. We are now living in an information society where almost everyone around us has a computer, a smartphone, and is connected to the Internet. As our society has become more and more connected, libraries have also started to become more digitized. Library automation came into popularity in the early 1950s. It started with punched card applications to library technical services operations. In 1965, Licklider coined the phrase â€Å"library of the future† to refer to his vision of a fully computer-based library and then in 1978, F.W. Lancaster wrote of the â€Å"paperless library† (Harter, 1996). Other terms later on that were used to describe the library of the future were â€Å"electronic library,† â€Å"virtual library,† â€Å"library without walls,† and â€Å"bionic library† (Harter, 1996). The term â€Å"digital library† came to be from the Digital Libraries Initiative. In 1994, six universities in the United States were granted 24 million dollars for digital library research. This was brought on by the sudden boom of the Internet. â€Å"Digital library† is the name that was most widely adopted by academics, researchers, and librarians and is used to describe the process of digitizing information resources. Digitization According to Ram Nath Maurya, there is a stress for three things in the digital world (Maurya, 2011): †¢ Awareness of information which gives the breath of vision. †¢ †¢ Awareness of technology which gives the power to make the visions manifest. Awareness of needs provide the insight to use professional skills and talents to greater effect. The meaning of this is that it is important for the user to have information that is easily locatable and easily accessible. Nowadays, library patrons have become information conscious and no longer want to wait and go to the library to find what they need. They want to access it access the information electronically. The process of digitizing implies the production of a digital surrogate for a physical object (Unsworth, 2004). There are many different items in libraries that are digitized. This ranges from serials that can be found either in print or online to rare books and archives that are now being preserved in a digital format. There are many positive outcomes that come from digitizing parts of a library’s collection. There is less cost in reshelving the item. The item is simultaneously available to multiple users. The item does not have to be replaced, since it is not being used and there is no chance of it being lost. Also, if it is a rare item, it can be preserved more easily as it will be less frequently handled. Why Go Digital? The most valuable aspect of the digital library is its reduction in cost. There are many fees that are negated such as staff pay, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. This makes the cost of the digital library much less to maintain than that of a traditional library. Also, increased reduction in the use of paper has a positive impact on the environment. Environmental scientists all over the world favor digital libraries to help reduce paper usage. Libraries that have a digital presence can be reached all over the world, thus allowing the library to have a far greater audience beyond their local community. Their collection can be shared and accessed from anywhere. As distance education becomes more popular, it is even more important for libraries to have an online presence. Students who might not be able to physically access their school library’s collection can instead find what they need on their website. Many libraries are offering a vary large amount of databases containing full-text journals and also electronic books. The interlibrary loan program allows students to order books from their own school and other libraries without leaving their home. The role of the librarian in a digital library is still vastly important. They are needed to package and repackage information. Librarians set up the proxies and open-URLs. They do electronic publishing, provide reference instruction, and teach patrons how to use electronic resources. Also, there is always more information that needs to be digitized. Disadvantages of Digital Libraries There are many threats to the nature of digital libraries. Computer viruses are a danger if libraries are not careful to protect their hardware and software. Also, the high initial cost of infrastructure such as the hardware, software, network, and IT professionals can be a downside and then also the cost to maintain and upgrade when needed. Standardization is another issue that libraries can face when moving to a digital format. Each library is different and therefore it is extremely likely that each library will have a very different way of digitizing their collection and presenting their information online. Another potential problem is copyright. Digital libraries have to find a way to properly distribute information without violating copyright law. The copyright of the author has to be protected as items are digitized and put into an online collection. Future of Digital Libraries The future trend for libraries is to keep moving toward a digital format. Daniel Akst, the author of The Webster Chronicle, sums it up in one simple statement: â€Å"the future of libraries-and of information-is digital. † He states, â€Å"All the problems associated with digital libraries are wrapped up in archiving,† and goes on to state, â€Å"if in 100 years people can still read your article, we’ll have solved the problem†. Computer storage continues to grow at an exponential rate and the cost keeps going down. It is believed that eventually, given the current advancement of technology, a person will be able to virtually access all recorded information. There are many large scale digitization projects underway at places such as Google, the Million Book Project, and Internet Archive. The technology behind scanners and the digitization techniques also keeps improving. There have been recent advancements in how books are handled and presentation technologies such as optical character recognition. Libraries will continue to become more equipped to digitize their own collections and share them with the world. Bibliography Akst, Daniel. The Webster Chronicle. New York: Bluehen, 2002. Print. Harter, S. (1996, September). What is a digital library? definitions, content, and issues. A paper presented at KOLISS DL ’96: international conference on digital libraries and information services for the 21st century, Seoul, Korea. Retrieved from http://php. indiana. edu/~harter/koreapaper. htm Lagoze, C. , Krafft, D. , Payette, S. , & Jesuroga, S. (2005). What is a digital library anymore, anyway?. D-Lib Magazine, 11(11), Retrieved from http://www. dlib. org/dlib/november05/lagoze/11lagoze. html Maurya, R. (2011). Digital library and digitization. International Journal of Information Dissemination & Technology. , 1(4), 228-331. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. proxy. lib. fsu. edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=7&hid=9&sid=4c2e1991-9b6d-48bc-bd10-edec1ba6b69e@sessionmgr11 Unsworth, J. (2004, May 17). The value of digitization for libraries and humanities scholarship. Retrieved from http://people. lis. illinois. edu/~unsworth/newberry. 04. htmlÃ'Ž

Law of Seas Notes

Limitations: Article 116 – there are 3 ways in which people who whose to fish on high seas are limited. What's the limitation of fishing on high seas. – answer Isn't 87, BUT article 116 treaty obligations must be complied with, rights and duties of coastal states must be respected. Articles 116-120 – relate to conservation and management of living sources on the high seas. Article 118 – says that countries should cooperate, subrogation fisheries and organizations so government agencies can assess what's being exploited so as to negotiate resources.Article 119 – when Investigating exploitation and resources, must use best scientific evidence that gives maximum sustainable yields. Consider dependent species – IPPP Can't be discriminatory and can't be against fisherman of particular state. Backwards from high seas what's the next zone – economic zone – distances are important – 24 to 200 nautical miles Then next zone is cont iguous zone – stretches from territorial zone out to economic zone. If you know these you can flick through the book what Is the contiguous zone and what does It do? What article relates to contiguous zone – article 33 – slide number 12.What is the limitation of the contiguous zone – a state MAY control immigration in the contiguous zone – we can stop them from gashing, Infringing customs laws, sanitary laws or any regulations within the territory or territorial sea ? If no legislation, state can do nothing. From where contiguous zone is measured – from baseline – coastline is Jagged therefore they use low watermark to do it. Need to know the article – whenever you get question, you must tell article. I OFF Territorial sea – articles 3, 17 and 18. Territorial limitation is key to security for a nation.Ships are actually allowed from foreign nations can travel through, only limitation on them is stout in article 18-21 â⠂¬â€œ got to tell what PASSAGE actually means (article 18). Can't enter internal waters (where sea enters rivers) but allowed to traverse the sea. Must be expeditious (article 18(2)) got to keep going – expeditious (check dictionary) – relatively quickly. Always exceptions – legislation says well okay even though you have to keep going, you can anchor but only if it is part of your navigation procedures. That would mean ports authority would know (have permission).However, it says that force measure (serious intervention in the normal course of undertaking – e. G. Wild storm) so you can port for protection – or distress call – you can render assistance from ships, aircraft. You can only travel in territorial waters if passage is innocent (look at 19 and 21 said lecturer) – article 19 – meaning of innocent passage – 19(1) not prejudicial to the peace of the state, good order or security. Under article 19(2) – shows what ship cannot do through territorial waters. Question on innocent passage. Marks taken off if you go to wrong subsection – read question carefully.Foreigners not allowed to fish in territorial waters. Do need to know article 19. Article 21 – allows laws and regulations of coastal state in respect to the territorial sea – innocent passage. Must be inline with UNCLOGS and international law. Safety of navigation, protection of navigational aids and facilities is critical of innocent passage. Conservation of fisheries and marine ecosystem – ship cannot infringe fishing laws, can't pollute, no marine research. Article 24 – may not be a definite answer and take two sides e. G. If this if that, may be because of this etc.Reason through a problem. Duties imposed upon a coastal state: Mustn't hamper passage of foreign ships. Can't impose requirement on foreign ships which deny innocent passage. Can't discriminate – e. G. One from France, Italy, I ndonesia – can't go to Indonesia automatically (defiance of 24 1(b)). Must warn of any likely danger – e. G. Buoys etc. (24 article) Article 25 – coastal state can do anything where they think that the passage is not innocent. Got to refer to 19 and has to have reasonable proof. Rights of coastal states Only require to know certain articles put up in learn (slides).Don't want you to look at other articles Section 3 of the exam (consisting of 5 questions and 12 marks will be to do with End of the line – documentary 1 billion people out of 7. 3 billion rely on fish as source of protein instead of chicken/ other meats/ the likelihood of seafood running out by 2048 is high – not long to make stance Once fisheries collapse 250 million people will have there food supplies threatened 70% of global fisheries are beyond there capacity 90% of large fish in ocean have been fished out 1% of the worlds industrial fishing fleets result in 50% of world catches â €“ what on earth can be done?Mediumistic – blue fin tuna – largely responsible. Also the large fishing trawlers. Global fishing fleets now are 250% larger than the oceans can sustain Only 6% of the worlds oceans are actually protected e. G. Bahamas. We have got areas around news coastline protected. Cog Clove area. 40% of worlds oceans would be natural reserves blue fin tuna is major problem – 6 billion worth of illegal blue fin tuna have been fished over last 20 years. Mediumistic is freezing them. Price of tuna fish on the market is $100,000 – imagine Mediumistic price later Enormous drop in shark species over last 20 years. 5 species have dropped by 50% Tuna catches use massive nets – killing thousands of turtles, sea birds and sharks which Just get dumped back in ocean. 22,000 tones is the legal limit for tuna – currently 60,000 tones. Illegal fishing worth 9 billion a year – 52% of fish stocks are now fully exploited. If we e stablish exclusion ones for fishing it is possible that the biodiversity in fish stocks will be able to come back – but will take years Suggested that you check what your eating is sustainable – if not – don't touch it.Lecture 13 (29/06/14) – High seas belongs to everybody, and can virtually do what you want. UNCLOGS – separates prevention reduction and control on marine pollution from the rules that conserve and manage living resources. Focused on second part – sustainability. Only other convention that protects Is there any convention in the world that controls the fishing of various stocks in the high seas and beyond the continental shelf – NO

Mary Shelley vs. Frankenstein Essay

In the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the author relates her life to the events that happened in the book. Certain events in her life led her to write the horror story that eerie, rainy night at Lord Byron’s mansion in London. Mary Shelley experienced many tragedies and losses. Writing a novel like Frankenstein was her way of mourning and dealing with her grief. Her environment also had an effect on her for it inspired her to write the way she did, why she did, and why she wrote it in the first place. Mary Shelley had a desire, a wish, a craving for something she hasn’t experienced – and probably never will – motherhood. Writing Frankenstein made her feel the power of creation and that she can take care of others. She spreads the lesson that if we don’t take care of something that needs that attention, it can lead to things we don’t like. From the beginning, it was a failure. When Mary Shelley was born, her mother, Mary Wollestonecraft – the well-known woman who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman – died during labor. Mary Shelley never really had a mother figure around. Her father, William Godwin, on the other hand, was always busy with business and writings that all she would do is sit around whenever her father had meetings with his fellow writers. Mary Shelley grew up in the dawn of the British Industrial Age. Britain was one of the first nations to industrialize. It was a time for the advance in technology and new things. This era could have had an effect on Mary Shelley by influencing her to use electricity and water to create the monster that Frankenstein created. It wasn’t only technology that was affected during the Industrial Revolution. Social patterns started changing too. The population boomed and new social classes appeared. There were gaps between levels of society and the upper class usually looked down on everyone else. â€Å"Reading Wollenstonecraft’s Maria and The Rights of Woman, Godwin’s Memoirs of her mother or his Political Justice, undoubtedly provided intellectual justification for Mary Shelley’s defiance of social values. â€Å"1 Mary Shelley was surrounded by workers for reforms, philosophers, a changing social climate, and even the feminist movements that her own mother started, and this caused her to write the social gaps between characters in her novel, Frankenstein. Women weren’t allowed to write before either. Her mother and other feminists who worked to be as equal as the men in society had influenced her and made her try to show the world that she, too, like any other men, can write a good novel. Mary Shelley ran away with a married man, Percy B. Shelley, to France when she was only 19 years old. Percy B. Shelley was one of her father’s friends and doing this caused her father to refuse to communicate with her for the next two and a half years. She traveled all around Europe, seeing many people and things. Percy B. Shelley impregnated her, and there was times that he left her all alone since had business to do. Mary Shelley wrote many journals. She was excited to have a baby. In February of 1815, she finally gave birth to her first child, Clara. She was two months premature and soon died early the following month. Later on after that, Mary Shelley kept attempting to have children but they kept dying. She longed to be a mother but all her attempts failed. She became depressed because of this. One summer night in 1816, Mary Shelley and many other philosophers and writers came to Lord Byron’s house in London. They couldn’t go outside because of the heavy rain so Lord Byron decided to have a contest on who can write the best horror story. Later that night, Mary Shelley had a dream. She wrote in her journal, â€Å"I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life†¦ His success would terrify the artist; he would rush away†¦ hope that†¦ this thing†¦ would subside into dead matter†¦ he opens his eyes; behold the horrid thing stands at his bedside, opening his curtains†¦ â€Å"2 This of course, is the main concept of her novel which she called, Frankenstein. There are many events in Frankenstein that are related to Mary Shelley’s own life. For example, she named the first child to die in the novel William. Mary Shelley had a son who died from malaria when he was only three years old. His name was also William. Coincidence? Maybe. But there were more of these relations. â€Å"During inclement weather on a family vacation, Frankenstein happens upon the writings of Cornelius Agrippa, and is immediately fired with the longing to penetrate the secrets of life and death. Similarly it was during a wet, ungenial summer in Switzerland that Mary, Shelley, Byron and several others picked up a volume of ghost stories and decided to write [†¦ ]†3 It took Victor Frankenstein a while and first researched about how to create a life. He gathered many materials and received information from many of his professors. His mother was dying and he couldn’t accept the fact that one day life just passes someone by. He wanted to create life and this was what Mary Shelley desired also. She had suffered many losses and tragedies; first and foremost she lost her mother, then all those babies she lost. She wanted to create life also – play God. Mary Shelley had radical views and strict outlooks on society. She saw that leaving a person alone just because they were different was wrong. Mary Shelley was a caring person and she wanted to show love to all. When she eloped with Percy B. Shelley, she was misunderstood and became an outcast for she was seen as â€Å"one of those. † She understood how the monster in her novel felt and she could relate a lot to it. The monster in the novel says that all he wanted was some love and he would have been better. It seemed as if Mary Shelley spoke through the monster in the novel. â€Å"Frankenstein, in other words, can be read as the story of the experience of writing Frankenstein. What is at stake in Mary’s introduction as well as in the novel is the description of a primal sense of creation. â€Å"4 Writing Frankenstein was more like writing an autobiography of Mary Shelley’s life. She put so many evens in her life into the novel that it could have been her own life story, except that she made it more interesting and more horrific. She expressed her grief and pain through the words of the novel. Citations Page 1. Poovey, Mary. â€Å"My Hideous Progeny: The Lady and the Monster. † Page 81 2. http://www. kimwoodbirdge. com/maryshel/summer. shtml 3. Johnson, Barbara. â€Å"My Monster / My Self. † Page 62 4. Johnson, Barbara. â€Å"My Monster / My Self. † Page 63   Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Smart beta question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smart beta question - Essay Example Throughout the time fund manages look forward for different ways to make the investment products effective. The new smart beta strategies works as passive equity investment assets for the market capitalization due to which most of the pension funds in the European countries like Netherlands, Scandinavia etc have shifted their equities portfolios towards smart beta strategies(Skypala). As the article of David highlights that the adoption of Smart beta strategies is one of the fastest growing investments as it tracks certain stock and asset in the index than emphasizing on the entire market. Smart beta has provided greater increase in the interest rate on the equity portfolio(Oakley). It has assessed providing greater and better returns on the equities than the passive or beta funds through taking in account the small company stocks(Skypala). I believe that the Smart Beta is one of the effective approaches that can provide a better combination of passive and active management approache s for the active managers to yields higher returns on the portfolios. In addition, the Smart beta can be an effective approach that lowers the risk for maintaining, enhancing long term returns. This is because the Smart Beta strategies allow multiple approaches for the managers to evaluate the fund management, as it is an alternative strategy that overcomes the risk parity, minimum variance and maximum diversification, value and growth and risk factors indices. However some of the active managers believe that the smart beta has the similar amount of risks involved that the previous approaches. Despite of the fact, the smart beta products still remain one of the most expensive portfolios to invest in than the other passive fund that have eventually decreased their fee to cut bones. This is because the smart beta products have higher and better returns than the other portfolios that provide a better opportunity for its investors to